Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) Therapy is a well-known approach based on the science of learning and behaviour. It uses positive reinforcement and structured teaching techniques to encourage helpful behaviours and reduce behaviours that might cause harm or interfere with learning. In practice, ABA therapy often looks like breaking down skills into small, achievable steps and rewarding progress for instance, giving praise or a favorite item when a child uses a new word or practices a social skill. Over time, these small steps add up to big improvements. ABA has been shown to help autistic children (and some ADHD children) develop communication and language abilities, improve social interaction and focus, and gain everyday life skills. A great strength of ABA is its flexibility: it can be adapted to each person’s unique needs and can take place in various settings, from home to school, to teach skills that matter in real life.
Modern ABA programs, especially those that are neurodiversity affirming, put a strong emphasis on respecting the individual’s differences and autonomy. This means the therapist works with the child’s natural interests and ways of communicating, rather than against them. The aim is not to make an autistic person “indistinguishable” from their peers, but to help them thrive on their own terms. In a neurodiversity affirming ABA setting, the child’s unique strengths are celebrated and their behaviours (like stimming or alternative communication) are understood as part of who they are. By focusing on meaningful goals such as learning to express needs, socialise in comfortable ways, or practice self-care, ABA can provide valuable support. With positive guidance and lots of encouragement, children often gain confidence and independence, while families see their child progress and succeed in ways that truly matter for their happiness and development.